bounce
when a check cannot be paid or accepted by a bank because of a lack of money in the account:
I had to pay a penalty fee when my check bounced.
cash
(noun) money in the form of notes and coins, rather than checks or credit cards:
Do you have any cash on you?
cash a check/cheque
(verb) to exchange a check for cash:
Would you cash a check for me?
checkbook (US) / chequebook (UK)
a book of checks / cheques with your name printed on them which is given to you by your bank to make payments with.
ATM
abbreviation of Automated Teller Machine: a machine, usually in a wall outside a bank, from which you can take money out of your bank account using a special card.
bank balance
the amount of money in a bank account.
I'd like to check my bank balance, please.