Induction refers to the rapid cooling process. Surface cooling techniques can be used such as those listed within the
‘Method of treatment’ section in this article. Invasive
methods include rapid infusion of up to 30 ml/kg of normal saline or Hartmann’s Solution that has been cooled up
to 4. This is done through a peripheral line or an intravascular cooling catheter placed in the femoral, subclavian or
internal jugular vein, and connected to an external cooling
device set to the desired temperature, whereby the chilled
fluid remains in the catheter and does not directly contact
the blood (Erb et al, 2012).