A cross-sectional study design is not able to draw causal
conclusions. Nevertheless, the present findings constitute
the rationale for further research on the importance of
diabetes' role in UI. The role of two factors contributing to
the development of UI, namely mechanic stress (especially
gravidities, parities, and obesity) for stress UI and metabolic
stress (especially hyperglycemia in bladder pathophysiology)
should be investigated further in prospective
studies in order to determine the etiology of UI.