In 1987,
Shinto et al 20 wrote a brief report (abstract) on cardiopulmonary
exercise testing in 13 patients with large
pleural effusions after the removal of volumes . 1.5 L.
Even though the authors referred to no difference in
ventilation and exercise levels, the preliminary fi nding
that patients who had more amounts of drained pleural
fl uid were able to attain a higher maximum workload
roused new interest.