Volvariella volvacea, the edible straw mushroom, is grown on an industrial scale in many tropical and sub- tropical regions of Southeast Asia. V. volvacea grows naturally on rice straw, a prominent component of which is arabinoxylan. V. volvacea is an atypical white rot basid- iomycetous fungus, which has complete cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic systems but with very low lignolytic activity [37]. Here, a novel family ten xylanase (XynII) was identified from V. volvacea. Its enzymatic action modes and synergism with acetyl xylan esterase (AXEI) from V. volvacea in hydrolysis of wheat bran were care- fully studied. This enzyme exhibited maximum activity at pH 7.0, wide pH stability, and extremely high SDS and proteolysis resistance, suggesting it may be used as a model protein for structure–function relationship studies of GH10 xylanase and an alternative to potential industrial applica- tions, especially for the detergent, textile, and animal feed industries.