In order to vividly and visually observe the ice formation, an
infrared imaging instrument (TH9100 MV/WV, NEC, Japan) and a
high speed color digital camera (Kodak SR-ULTRA, American) were
built on top of the low constant temperature trough. Four 150 ml
beakers filled with 100 ml different concentrations (0.00 wt%,
0.10 wt%, 0.50 wt%, 1.00 wt%, respectively) nanofluids were put into
the low constant temperature trough and the temperature of the
glycolewater mixture was kept at-20 C. During this time, the ice
shape was observed by the high speed color digital camera, and the
temperature distribution of the sample surfacewas observed by the
infrared imaging instrument, respectively. The time interval of the
photographs was 1 min.