Tossach, a British surgeon, used mouth-to-mouth resuscitation of a coal miner in 1732, as reported in the quotation above.10 In the 1770s, however, use of exhaled air for resuscitation was discredited when Scheele discovered oxygen12 and Lavoisier studied its relevance in respiration.13 Expired air was then perceived to be devitalized by already passing through another’s lungs. Because of this concern, as well as reports of lung barotrauma from bellows, alternative methods for reproducing breathing were explored and favored.