Augustin Fresnel first developed the equations derived in the previous section. However, at the time he did not have the benefit of Maxwell’s equations, since he lived well before Maxwell’s time. Instead, Fresnel thought of light as transverse mechanical waves propagat- ing within materials. (We can see why Fresnel was a great proponent of the later-discredited luminiferous ether.) Instead of relating the parallel components of the electric and magnetic fields across the boundary between the materials, Fresnel used the principle that, as a trans- verse mechanical wave propagates from one material to the other, the two materials should not slip past each other at the interface. This “gluing” of the materials at the interface also forbids the possibility of the materials detaching from one another (creating gaps) or pass- ing through one another as they experience the wave vibration. This mechanical approach to light worked splendidly and explained polarization effects along with the variations in reflectance and transmittance as a function of the incident angle of the light. Fresnel wrote the relationships between the various plane waves depicted in Fig. 3.1 in terms of coefficients that compare the reflected and transmitted field amplitudes to those of the incident field. He then calculated the ratio of the reflected and transmitted
Augustin Fresnel first developed the equations derived in the previous section. However, at the time he did not have the benefit of Maxwell’s equations, since he lived well before Maxwell’s time. Instead, Fresnel thought of light as transverse mechanical waves propagat- ing within materials. (We can see why Fresnel was a great proponent of the later-discredited luminiferous ether.) Instead of relating the parallel components of the electric and magnetic fields across the boundary between the materials, Fresnel used the principle that, as a trans- verse mechanical wave propagates from one material to the other, the two materials should not slip past each other at the interface. This “gluing” of the materials at the interface also forbids the possibility of the materials detaching from one another (creating gaps) or pass- ing through one another as they experience the wave vibration. This mechanical approach to light worked splendidly and explained polarization effects along with the variations in reflectance and transmittance as a function of the incident angle of the light. Fresnel wrote the relationships between the various plane waves depicted in Fig. 3.1 in terms of coefficients that compare the reflected and transmitted field amplitudes to those of the incident field. He then calculated the ratio of the reflected and transmitted
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