Project requirements are the key factors that define quality
in the process of construction. The process of construction
can be broken down into three main phases, namely, (1) the
planning and design phase, (2) the construction phase, and
(3) the maintenance and operation phase. Figure 1 shows
generally accepted elements of TQM and construction
industry-specific factors that affect quality of the process of a
building project. The factors that affect quality in each phase
of the construction process have been identified through a
literature review and are discussed in the following sections