. Buffaloes are the most
important dairy animal of the Indian subcontinent, yet they
experience problems related to reproduction especially high
calving interval, late puberty, and high incidence of anestrus.
Lack of reliable early pregnancy diagnosis methods further
aggravates the problems. Many methods of pregnancy diagnosis,
both direct and indirect, are being practiced in bovine
species; none till date actually qualifies as the ideal pregnancy
diagnosis method due to the limitations they inherit. The
advancement of molecular techniques like proteomics and
their applications in animal research has opened up opportunities
for research communities to look for pregnancy biomarker
molecules in these animals.