The outranking methods consists in examining the validity of the proposition “a outranks b”. The
concordance test “measures” the arguments in favor of saying so, but there may be arguments strongly
against that assertion (discordant criteria). The “discordant voices” can be viewed as vetoes.
There is a veto against declaring that “a” outranks “b” if “b” is so much better than “a” on same criterion
that it becomes disputable or even meaningless to pretend that “a” might be better overall than “b”. The
logic of the test of discordance is quite similar to that on which statistical tests are based. Here as well,