All chemicals used in the experiments were analytical grade and purchased from commercial sources without further purification. A set of mixed standard solutions (EtOH concentrations of 0– 16.0% v/v and MeOH concentrations of 0–396 ppm (w/v)) were prepared by adding different amounts of pure EtOH and MeOH to distilled water
Wine samples used in the experiments were purchased from a local commercial source.