The results suggested that none of supportive, participative, and controlling leader
behaviors had significant relationship with follower creativity both at South Korean
universities and at the U.S. university. However, participative leader behaviors were
found to have positive relationship with intrinsic motivation, an important creativity-
related factor, of all student groups in the study. In terms of job satisfaction, supportive
leader behaviors were important to student groups at South Korean universities whereas
participative leader behaviors tend to increase, and controlling leader behaviors tend to
decrease job satisfaction of student groups at the U.S. university.