After a year, the low-carb group had lost an average of 5.4kg (12lb) compared with 1.8kg (4lb) in the low-fat group. They also, more unexpectedly, had better cholesterol levels, a greater reduction in body fat and a higher proportion of lean muscle mass. As often happens in such diets, the low-carb group were found to have replaced the calories they would usually consume in sugary processed foods with cheese and red meat, but also with unsaturated fats such as fish and nuts. Both groups did the same amount of exercise. A low-carb diet was defined as less than 40g a day, and a low-fat diet as under 30% fat a day, of which saturated fat was less than 7% of the total.