In solving a problem, a solver needs to establish representations of the problem not only to help her or him
organize and make sense of the problem, but also to communicate her or his thinking to others. Initially, the problem
solver’s representation might include only the “givens” and the goal state of the problem. Usually, the problem solver’s
representation of the problem changes. After the problem has been solved, the problem solver may use yet another
representation to express her or his solution. Thus, solution representations are the visible records generated by a solver
to communicate her or his thinking about how the problem was solved. Moreover, these representations, both initial
and final, may differ from problem solver to problem solver.