The sample comprised two patient groups. One group (n = 151) participated in a RCT comparing
the efficacy of outpatient psychotherapy versus pharmacotherapy for depression at a
large Northeastern university in the United States (Barber, Barrett, Gallop, Rynn, & Rickels,
2012). The second group of patients (n = 132) were treated with inpatient psychotherapy at a
German university hospital. All patients were diagnosed with MDD according to the Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Sociodemographic
characteristics and comorbidities are depicted in Table