12.5.1. Types of waste stabilization ponds
WSP systems comprise a single string of anaerobic, facultative
and maturation ponds in series, or several such series in parallel.
In essence, anaerobic and facultative ponds are designed
for the removal of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), and
maturation ponds for pathogen removal, although some
BOD removal also occurs in maturation ponds and some pathogen
removal in anaerobic and facultative ponds (Mara, 1987).
In most cases, only anaerobic and facultative ponds will be
needed for BOD removal when the effluent is to be used for restricted
crop irrigation and fish pond fertilization, as well as
when weak sewage is to be treated prior to its discharge to surface
waters. Maturation ponds are only required when the
effluent is to be used for unrestricted irrigation, thereby having
to comply with the WHO guideline of >1000 faecal coliform
bacteria/100 ml. The WSP does not require mechanical mixing,
needing only sunlight to supply most of its oxygenation. Its
performance may be measured in terms of its removal of
BOD and faecal coliform bacteria.
12.5.1. Types of waste stabilization pondsWSP systems comprise a single string of anaerobic, facultativeand maturation ponds in series, or several such series in parallel.In essence, anaerobic and facultative ponds are designedfor the removal of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), andmaturation ponds for pathogen removal, although someBOD removal also occurs in maturation ponds and some pathogenremoval in anaerobic and facultative ponds (Mara, 1987).In most cases, only anaerobic and facultative ponds will beneeded for BOD removal when the effluent is to be used for restrictedcrop irrigation and fish pond fertilization, as well aswhen weak sewage is to be treated prior to its discharge to surfacewaters. Maturation ponds are only required when theeffluent is to be used for unrestricted irrigation, thereby havingto comply with the WHO guideline of >1000 faecal coliformbacteria/100 ml. The WSP does not require mechanical mixing,needing only sunlight to supply most of its oxygenation. Itsperformance may be measured in terms of its removal ofBOD and faecal coliform bacteria.
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