Taurine is also a potent trophic factor during retinal development.
Taurine increases neurite growth in retinal explants from crushed goldfish
optic nerves in a substrate-dependent, calcium-dependent manner (Lima et al.
1988; 1989a; 1992; 1993). The crush of the optic nerve stimulates ganglion
cells to express neurite outgrowth, which can be inhibited by serotonin in
retinal explants (Matus et al. 1997). Lima proposed that taurine might affect
neurite outgrowth via regulation of protein phosphorylation (Lima and
Cubillos 1998a). He found, however, that activation of protein kinase C or
use of phosphatase inhibitors inhibited neurite outgrowth (Lima and Cubillos
1998b). This correlates well with the data that suggest that TauT is inhibited
by PKC and PKA (Loo et al. 1996). While protein phosphorylation is
necessary for neurite outgrowth, the mode of action of taurine as a trophic
factor is not via kinase activity. Taurine may complement signaling
mechanisms of amino acid neurotransmitters, as GABA, glutamate and
glycine also increases neurite outgrowth (Lima et al. 1998c). Taurine
depletion inhibits the trophic effect associated with taurine-treatment
(Cubillos and Lima 2006). It is therefore likely that exogenous taurine may
interact with known small molecule neurotransmitters. Further, this
interaction appears to be influenced by small molecular weight peptides from
the optic nerve.Two factors, termed axogenesis factors-1 and -2, increase
neurite outgrowth independent of the effects of taurine (Schwalb et al. 1995).
Taurine is also a potent trophic factor during retinal development.Taurine increases neurite growth in retinal explants from crushed goldfishoptic nerves in a substrate-dependent, calcium-dependent manner (Lima et al.1988; 1989a; 1992; 1993). The crush of the optic nerve stimulates ganglioncells to express neurite outgrowth, which can be inhibited by serotonin inretinal explants (Matus et al. 1997). Lima proposed that taurine might affectneurite outgrowth via regulation of protein phosphorylation (Lima andCubillos 1998a). He found, however, that activation of protein kinase C oruse of phosphatase inhibitors inhibited neurite outgrowth (Lima and Cubillos1998b). This correlates well with the data that suggest that TauT is inhibitedby PKC and PKA (Loo et al. 1996). While protein phosphorylation isnecessary for neurite outgrowth, the mode of action of taurine as a trophicfactor is not via kinase activity. Taurine may complement signalingmechanisms of amino acid neurotransmitters, as GABA, glutamate andglycine also increases neurite outgrowth (Lima et al. 1998c). Taurinedepletion inhibits the trophic effect associated with taurine-treatment(Cubillos and Lima 2006). It is therefore likely that exogenous taurine mayinteract with known small molecule neurotransmitters. Further, thisinteraction appears to be influenced by small molecular weight peptides fromthe optic nerve.Two factors, termed axogenesis factors-1 and -2, increaseneurite ไปอิสระผลของ taurine (Schwalb et al. 1995)
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