Indeed, some trees that provide foods valued by humans have been subject to domestication in forest environments for millennia in processes of ‘co-domestication’ of the forest and the tree. The level of domestication of the tree itself – from incipiently- to fully-domesticated (i.e., from being only unconsciously managed and selected to being dependent on humans for its continued existence and of the landscape in which it is found are both crucial in understanding how rural communities currently benefit from trees, and how to optimise future value through improved
management.