When the nutrients in the host are depleted and the host has died, the fungus must grow out of the insect to produce and disperse its conidia (Fig. 1B). Blastospores still circulating in the hemocoel must revert to growth as hyphae, which have to breach the cuticle again – this time from the inside out – to enable hyphal extrusion followed by conidiation on the host surface. It is likely that the same factors are involved here as in breaching the cuticle from the outside, as discussed in infection step 2.