Diluting semen from high fertile breeding boars, and by thatinseminating many sows, is the core business for artificialinsemination (AI) companies worldwide. Knowledge aboutfertility results is the reason by which an AI company canlower the concentration of a dose. Efficient use of AI boarswith high genetic merit by decreasing the number of spermcells per insemination dose is important to maximizedissemination of the genetic progress made in the breedingnucleus. However, a potential decrease in fertility perfor-mance in the field should be weighed against the addedvalue of improved genetics and, in general, is not toleratedin commercial production. This overview provides someimportant aspects that influence the impact of low-dose AIon fertility: (i) the importance of monitoring field fertility,(ii) the need for accurate and precise semen assessment, (iii)the parameters that are taken into account, (iv) theapplication of information from genetic and genomic selec-tion and (v) the optimization when using different AItechniques. Efficient semen production, processing andinsemination in combination with increasing use of geneticand genomic applications result in maximum impact ofgenetic trend.