To reduce vulnerability to product harm, communications may demonstrate safer means to achieving the yearned, goal-congruent outcome or may reduce hope by demonstrating the possibility of severe and negative consequences, thus shifting yearning to other outcomes that entail lesser risks. Notably, though, prior research has found that tactics that highlight the possibility of harm also result in defensive and biased processing, because such tactics induce fear, an emotional concomitant of hope (Pechmann et al. 2003). That research supports the impact of intense anticipatory emotions on biased processing, and it also suggests that public policy campaigns are least likely to induce biased processing and thus be more effective if they show consumers how to prevent aversive consequences through their own actions.