In a foundational article, Mokdad and colleagues identify the major health behaviors that are the leading causes of death in the United States [13]. Below, we review the recent advances in research on the role of gender norms on each of these types of health behaviors. While numer- ous studies explore gender differences in health beha- viors (e.g. differences in smoking patterns between males and females), we focus on those articles that are exploring and explaining how gender norms, masculinity, or femi- ninity influence these behaviors.