The purpose of this paper is to review improvement and efficiency measures
suitable for urban distribution and comment on their effects. This is examined
from the perspective of road hauliers and illustrated in a case study of the two
dominant pick-up and delivery hauliers in Gothenburg. The analysis of potential
measures is structured along the actor categories that need to be involved, starting
with the measures road hauliers can implement themselves followed by measures
involving shippers, forwarders, other transport operators and policy makers.