No reproduction was observed when daphnids were exposed to starvation situations (0 cells/mL) and nickel. When combining absence of food and the three highest concentrations of nickel, 200 μg/L, 250 μg/L, 300 μg/L and 350 μg/L, daphnids died after the second week of the test, showing also an increase in toxicity (Table S3).