Different versions of contemporary liberal
theory employ different methodologies for
deriving principles of justification for state
action and citizenship. Theorists defend
these principles as being neutral, consensual,
or otherwise consistent with liberal
values, if not being required by them. Some
of these methodologies are neo-contractarian
(Nozick, 1977). Other versions are discursive
or dialogic in nature; they rely upon
propositions defining the particular, constrained
forms of argument that might be
capable of justifying assertions of power
over free individuals (Ackerman, 1980).
Still others are hybrid theories, employing a
mix of approaches (Rawls, 1971).