H5N1 is now considered endemic in Bali andmany other parts of Indonesia including Java, Sulawesi, and Sumatra
(Eagles et al., 2009; Santhia et al., 2009). Surveillance for HPAI in Bali is conducted through the Participatory Disease
Surveillance and Response (PDSR), a program that started in Indonesia in 2006 through the Food and Agricultural
Organisation (FAO). This program aims to rapidly detect, monitor and respond to HPAI outbreaks in backyard
poultry and operates in all districts in Bali using participatory techniques to identify cases of HPAI in poultry.