2.7. Viscosity
The viscosity of syrup was measured on a Brookfield (Middleboro, US) DV-II
+
rotational viscometer at 25 8C. Spindle no. 18 was used, and the temperature was maintained via a jacketed sample cell (8 ml) which was connected to a Neslab RTE-100
TM
water-bath accurate to 0.1 8 C. The rpm rate applied was 150, which is equivalent to a shear rate of 3.96. Viscosity in centipoise (cP) was determined with Brookfield Wingather
TM
software and was calculated as percentage torque multiplied by the spindle factor. Preliminary experiments were undertaken to ensure repeatability of the method applied. To correct for 8 Brix effects [18], syrup viscosities were quoted on a 8 Brix basis.