As discussed above, a large number of respondents have missing consumption data for some of the consumption categories. To determine the extent to which our results may be sensitive to this issue, we also used multiple imputation methods to impute missing consumption data and re-estimated our models using a sample that included imputed observations. The results for the association between leisure spending and life satisfaction are robust in these analyses. Similarly, no other category of consumption is associated with life satisfaction. However, in the multiple imputation models we find weaker evidence for the role of mediation by the psychosocial variables (results available upon request). In sum, we are confident about the association between leisure expenditure and happiness, but somewhat less confident about the role of the mediating factors.