In three studies of Clark 1998; Gerdner 2000 and Guétin 2009 an individual approach was studied, in which patients listened to prerecorded music, to see if behavioural problems can be reduced. Clark 1998 investigated whether the playing of a patient’s preferred music during bathing time could decrease occurrences of aggres- sive behaviour in a comparison with no music. Eighteen people with Alzheimer’s-type dementia were randomly assigned to either a music or non-music condition.