TRANSLATIONAL BIOINFORMATICS Translational bioinformatics, a field that emerged after the first human genome mapping, focuses on bridging molecular biology, biostatistics, and statistical genetics with clinical informatics. The field is evolving at a tremendously fast pace, and many related areas have been proposed. Amongst them, pharmacogenomics is a branch of genomics concerned with individuals’ variations to drug response due to genetic differences. The area is important for designing precision medicine in future. New discoveries, resulting from the Human Genome Project, are now frequently applied to develop improved diagnostics, prognostics, and therapies for complex diseases, which is known as “translational genomics”. In particular, the sequencing cost per genome has markedly reduced over the last decade, according to the data presented by the National Institutes of Health