either by a longer extraction time or higher power input, as the concentration of polyphenols (carnosic or rosmarinic acid) has not reached a plateau as in the conven- tional process. However, longer processing times with the actual MW setup are not advisable as the ethanol starts boiling after 5 min processing. A refrigeration column with reflux should be implemented to avoid evaporation (open systems) or overpressure (close systems). The increase in temperature when using US is slower; a temperature of 69 C is reached after 7 min processing. Operating temperatures using water as solvent are ca. 10 C lower to those of ethanol processing for MAE and USAE.