1) Station 1 is called Ton Boon (Ton Samet
Chun), located at 5°44’ 18" N, 101° 24’ 56" E. This
study site is at 470-550 m above mean sea level
and serves as a watershed area. It represents intact
primary forest which includes gaps and has very
high humidity year-round. It is dense-canopy and
the vegetation is composed of Syzygium lineatum
(DC.) Merr. & Perry, Cynometra malaccensis
Meeuwen, Dipterocarpus crinitus Dyer, and
Podocarpus wallichianus Presl. The understorey
includes Goniothalamus giganteus Hook.f. &
Thomson, Cryptocarya nitens (Blume) Koord. &
Valeton, Orophea cuneiformis King and Bouea
oppositifolia Adelb, whereas the ground cover is
dense with shrubs, herbs, palms, ginger and
pteridophytes.