Potterfield (1999) indicates that through personal conversation with management and employee empowerment experts, he found that these experts were uncertain about when and where the term was used in management and organizational studies. At the same time, Honold (1999) argues that the use of the concept in management was found in the socio-technical approach (Lewin,1951), the idea of job enrichment (Herzberg, 1968), and employee participation.