example, at 140°C for 5 sec or 150°C for 2 sec either the only injection Semi-rigid packs, a sterile or by direct are normally formed in container that will be discussed here, filling station. have been taken, one pack in Even when all precautions of asepsis or afterwards due to 5000-10 000 may be contaminated during filling rapidly an untight seal or pinhole. Normally such a pack spoils quite and does not reach the consumer. standardization and The quality and safety aspects of raw milk, the clarifying processes and many aspects of pasteurization have been described in Chapter 3 and additional information is given in the section on dried aspects UHT milk manufacturing and their implications to the HACCP approach will not be repeated here. The discussion of the process will start with the sterilization o preheated milk.