The negative relationship between a

The negative relationship between age at landing and the incidence of employment earnings seen
in Figure 4 was present for all immigrant categories. The lower incidence at later years since
landing was present for elderly immigrants in most categories. However, the incidence itself and
the speed at which it declines differ among immigrant categories. A similar conclusion was
found for the amount of employment earnings reported. Although the various immigrant
categories reported different levels of employment earnings, the negative relationship between
employment earnings and age at landing, and higher employment earnings in later years, were
present for most immigrant categories.
Economic immigrants, especially Skilled Principal Applicants, had a greater incidence of
employment earnings at each point in the observation period. Skilled Principal Applicants also
reported employment earnings approximately $7 500-$10 000 higher than the average at each
mark.
Family Class immigrants had an incidence very similar to that seen in Figure 4, with the
exception of the long-term elderly Parents and Grandparents who had an incidence much lower
than the average. Employment earnings for these two categories, especially Parents and
Grandparents, were also below the average. Short-term and immediate elders in the Parents and
Grandparents category never reported more than $15 000 in employment earnings.
Refugees had an incidence that was lower than the average and employment earnings that were
comparable with the average. Retired immigrants had the lowest incidence of all categories
which never exceeded 10 percent. However, for the few who reported employment earnings the
average was very close to that seen in Figure A4 in the Appendix.