Protocols and Standards
• Protocols : set of rules that governs data
communications
A protocol defines what is communicated, how it is
communicated, and when it is communicated.
The key elements of a protocal are…
• Systax ‐> refers to the structure or format of the data
• Semantics ‐> refers to the meaning of each section of bits.
• Timing ‐> refer to two characteristics, when data should be
sent and how fast they can be sent.
• Standards
– De facto (meaning “by fact” or “by convention”)
– De jure (meaning “by law” or “by regulation”)