Personal factors which increasevuln

Personal factors which increase
vulnerability
Rose and Killien (1983) first established
personal traits within individuals affected
by the environment that resulted in
vulnerability. They noted the inborn
characteristics of generic predisposition,
personal temperament, susceptibility to
166disease, and the demographic data of age,
gender and race. Acquired characteristics
resulting from life experience, responses
to situations like trauma, and the
development of coping mechanisms were
also identified (Rose & Killien 1983).
Further classification of vulnerability into
external and internal sides by Chambers
(2006) highlighted an internal lack of
coping skills or defencelessness, and
external factors of risk and stress, which
can impact the individual.