the current water shortages in mexico city contrast remarkably with the city situation in the past when the spanish arrived at the aztec capital in 1519 they found stone buildings and gardens set on an island in the middle of a vast series of interconnected lakes-an enchanted vision according to one spanish soldier the spanish destroyed the building and began draining the water from the lakes meet its water need from springs shallow well and the remaining lake water in the mid-nineteenth century the residents of the city began taking water from the underlying aquifer in the twentieth century as water need grew and supplies from the aquifer became inadequate city authorities brought water up from two nearby river systems twenty-five year ago they began piping in water from 80 miles 130 km away because mexico city is located on a highland the water must all be pumped uphill at considerable expense.