The lowered head in Western culture

The lowered head in Western culture can signify defeat or uncertainty. In Asian cultures lowering one’s head may represent accepting one’s place in the hierarchy, but it also may be indication of intent listening. Japanese managers, for example, frequently lower their heads and close their eyes during negotiations. America see this as a lack of interest or even disrespect; for the Japanese this may merely be natural listening behavior. In contras, tilting the head upward in Western cultures is interpreted as being arrogant, as is illustrated in the expression “His nose was in the air”