vironment [24].
Long-term-Short-term Orientation
Long-term-Short-term Orientation considers Long-term values such as
thrift, savings, obedience and persistence [27]. Long-term orientation involves
preserving status-based relationships, thrift and deferred gratification. A
society with these values would rely on organization structures influenced by
a strategic mode of thinking. The organizations that rely on Long-term Orientation
demonstrate a pattern of major goals and objectives, and a clear road
map to attain these goals and objectives over a period of time. In countries
with long term orientation such as Taiwan, employees prefer a relatively
high level of tight formal planning by the company [57]. Organizations with
Short-term Orientation, on the other hand, tend to be tactical in their responses
to the environment and demonstrate opportunistic behaviors in their
decision making [41].