Gender and Race. To examine the gen

Gender and Race. To examine the gender and race of parents, the study examined
the responses to the categorical question: What is [Child’s/your] race? What is your
race? The racial designation was combined with parental gender. Race designations
were: White, Black, American Indian, Asian, Hispanic, Pacific Islander, and Other.
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Racial designation for fathers contained 19.8% missing cases and mothers contained
3.69% missing cases.
Free and Other Tutoring. To examine children who received