Oliver (2006) defines customer loya

Oliver (2006) defines customer loyalty as "a deeply held commitment to re-buy or re-patronize a preferred product/service consistently in the future, thereby causing repetitive same-brand or same brand-set purchasing, despite situational influences and marketing efforts having the potential to cause switching behavior" (p. 272) [19]. This study operationally defines customer loyalty as the possibility of a returning customer repurchasing from company and willing to behave with them as a partner. Loyalty occurs when customers purchase only from a certain company in the future and recommend the company to others. This study measured customer loyalty as a dependent variable using a five-item scale adapted from the works of Zeithaml et al. (1996) and Hsieh and Kai Li (2008).