One way to reduce absenteeism is to administer pay in ways that maximize satisfaction. Several studies have also shown that absenteeism can be reduced by tying pay bonuses and other rewatds to attendance (Lawler 1981). This approach is costly, but sometimes less costly than absenteeism. In many ways such a system is easier to administer than a performance-based one, because attendance is more readily measured. It is a particularly ustful strategy in situations where both the work content and the working conditions are poor and do not lend themselves to meaningful improvements. If such improvements are possible, they are often the most effective and cost-efficient way to deal with absenteeism.