TPP, on the other hand, is a US-led

TPP, on the other hand, is a US-led process and is presented as a “WTO-plus
approach”2. Around eleven countries (New Zealand, Singapore, Brunei, Chile, the US,
Canada, Australia, Peru, Malaysia, Vietnam, Mexico) have already been negotiating TPP for
over a year now, although these do not include major powers like China or India. The US
has encouraged other APEC countries to join the negotiations, which are set to be concluded
by October 2013 (Table 1).