Conclusions Although further studie

Conclusions
Although further studies including women and ethnic minorities are needed to extend these data, the PACC project, including the use of measured coronary risk factors and complete follow-up data, has shown the incremental predictive value of CAC over conventional risk factors for premature CHD outcomes. Beyond this demonstration of incremental prognostic value, important questions such as those of effectiveness and cost effectiveness remain. Although these questions are best answered through dedicated prospective clinical trials, the costs, ethics, and feasibility of such trials are formidable obstacles to their completion.