Public goods do not have such attributes; they are said to be ‘non-excludable’ and
‘non-rival in consumption’. Take the well-known example of street lighting which
is provided communally by local authorities. If, instead of this public provision,
street lighting had to be purchased in a free market, then one person’s purchase
would allow others to enjoy the product free of charge as they could not be
denied the benefits of the lights being switched on for the buyer.