Our core technology features a nano-bio interface surface, which consists of a temperature-responsive polymer immobilized to the cell culture surface at nanometer-scale thickness. The surface shows similar hydrophobicity as normal polystyrene tissue culture dishes at 37°C. When the temperature is reduced below 32°C, the surface rapidly hydrates and becomes hydrophilic. (Figure 1) Therefore, by only reducing temperature viable cultured cells and intact deposited ECM (extracellular matrix) are recovered as a cell sheet from the temperature-responsive culture dish surface with no requirement of digestive enzymes or denaturing treatments. (Figure 2)