In addition, the MORE Thinking Frame combines a focus on metacognition (thinking about one's own thinking) with many interrelated elements that research has found to be among the most effective for enhancing science learning. These elements include activating students'prior knowledge(Alvermann and Hynd,1989:Marazano et al.,2001),encouraging students to combine linguistic and nonlinguistic modes to revision of models,fostering cognitive conflict or dissatisfaction with naive conceptions,and scaffolding students'engagement in authentic scientific thinking processes.