Waste papers studied in this resear

Waste papers studied in this research were obtained locally in London, UK. Newspaper was The London Paper previously distributed free in the central London area, printed office paper and packaging cardboard were from Imperial College London and glossy magazine paper was from a mix of supermarket catalogues. An enzyme complex (cellulolytic enzyme cocktail) Cellic Ctec 1 from Novozymes A/S was used in the laboratory high-solids loading enzymatic hydrolysis of papers as described by Wang et al. (2012). Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were 15% (w/w) solids-loading, 160 mg enzyme/g glucan (17 FPU/g glucan equivalent), 50 °C, and 72 h. The basic composition profiles and enzymatic hydrolysis results for the waste papers have been reported in our previous work (Wang et al., 2012): The total carbohydrates contents for waste papers were between 48% and 70%. The monomeric glucose yields released from the total glucan present by the enzymatic hydrolysis for waste papers were between 57% and 82% while those for xylose yields released from the total xylan present varied from 46% to 68%.